Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a prevalent complication after trauma, injury, or surgery defined by the existence of extraskeletal lamellar type of bone in muscle and soft tissue (1). HO is a disturbance of normal tissue repair. HO also has a genetic form which is rare in comparison to the non-genetic form. HO has a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, from small lesions to lesions with high morbidity (2). This complication is induced by infiltration of inflammatory cells and osteoinductive growth factors, which are released following an injury and activate an osteochondrogenic program. HO formation takes 6-12 weeks following the operation and ceases after that without any progression. The pathway of bone formation in HO may be either intramembranous or endochondral. HO is classified into four grades based on Brooker’, s classification. Most cases of HO are categorized as grade one and grade two, which are asymptomatic and accidentally discovered in radiographic follow-ups. In grades three and four, the patient confronts more pain and reduced range of motion (ROM) (3). . .

Introduction: In morphologically normal-appearing inner ears, measurements of the distance between the round window and carotid canal (RCD), the maximum diameter of the basal turn of the cochlea next to the round window (BD), and the thickness of the promontory (PT) just lateral to the basal turn may be used as guide for safe cochleostomy and implant placement. Materials and Methods: From January to March 2022, a cross-sectional observational study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital. The round window to carotid canal distance (RCD), the largest diameter of the cochlea's basal turn next to the round window (BD), and the thickness of the promontory immediately lateral to the basal turn (PT) were measured using CT temporal bone images of 150 persons without Cochlear abnormalities. The values obtained were compared using Paired T-test for significance of difference between both genders and sides. Results: A total of 150 participants—, 75 men and 75 women—, with a mean age of 37. 5 years were enrolled in the study. With a range of 7. 18 mm to 10. 52 mm, the mean RCD was 8. 84 mm (SD 0. 8 mm). The mean BD was 2. 27 mm (SD 0. 4 mm), while the mean PT was 1. 15 mm (SD 0. mm). The values obtained did not differ significantly in both the genders and the right and left sides (p = 0. 37 and 0. 24, respectively). Conclusion: The present study has defined and calculated pertinent measures at cochleostomy site that will aid safe electrode insertion and prevent misplacement.

ossification of the Achilles tendon is a rare disease and seen more frequently in men than in women. Most patients present with pain caused by local inflammation. It is a disease of physically active people, and management of these patients is important. Many pathologic and molecular studies have been conducted to determine the cause of this disease. Minor trauma and microdamages may be the most important factors related to Achilles tendinopathy or Achilles tears. Sometimes, in cases without significant symptoms, no treatment is need; in symptomatic ones, however, relief of pain is the main treatment objective. Treatment of this disease varies from conservative treatment, including NSAIDs or physiotherapy, to electrotherapy, ionotherapy, and surgical strategies. Herein we report of a patient with Achilles tendon ossification, diagnosed by physical and radiographic evaluation treated with a foot brace without any drugs or surgery. The relation between radiographic changes and patient symptoms was important and helpful in choosing the mode of treatment.

Introduction: Heterotopic ossification is bone formation outside the skeletal system. Endosulfan is a pesticide in organochlorines family and endosulfan poisoning can make neurologic toxicity with loss of consciousness, diffuse convulsion and status epilepticus. There are some reports about heterotopic ossification due to neurologic and poisoning events, but there is not any report of it after endosulfan poisoning in the literature. Case report: A 44 year old man, presented with pelvic pain and difficulties in walking. There was a history of status epilepticus and coma 4 months ago due to endosulfan poisoning. There was some heterotopic bone formation around hip joints in radiography.Conclusion: Because of high mortality and morbidity due to endusolfan toxicity and absence of any antidote, it is recommended that its availability be restricted and its toxicity be treated immediately specially for convulsion.

Endometrial calcification along with ossification is an uncommon clinical entity. Most of the cases are asymptomatic or present with secondary infertility. Endometrial ossification associated with repeated abortions has been reported very infrequently. Here we report a case of endometrial calcification with ossification due to retained fetal bony tissue in a 38 year old symptomatic female having previous history of two abortions. This case highlights the importance of detailed clinical history, ultrasonographic and endometrial evaluation along with histopathological examination in a patient having repeated abortions. It also emphasizes the need to consider endometrial tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of endometrial calcification and subsequent ossification especially in areas where tuberculosis is rampant.